Design. 120. 5.3. Quarter-Wavelength Short- Circuit. 123 a. Introduction Brief Description of Method Sa for the waveguide junction then reduces.
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8»n72o>cApplicationsofWaveguideandCircuitTheoryr>oi57totheDevelopmentofAccurateMicrowaveMeasurementMethodsandStandardsR.W.BeattyInstituteforBasicStandardsNationalBureauofStandardsBoulder,Colorado80302U.S.DEPARTMENTOFCOMMERCE,FrederickB.Dent,SecretaryNATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDS,RichardW.Roberts,DirectorIssuedAugust1973
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LibraryofCongressCatalogNumber:73-600158NationalBureauofStandardsMonograph137Nat.Bur.Stand.(U.S.),Monogr.137,322pages(Aug.1973)CODEN:NBSMA6ForsalebytheSuperintendentofDocuments,U.S.GovernmentPrintingOffice,Washington,D.C.20402(OrderbySDCatalogNo.C13.44:137).Price$5.20.StockNumber0303-01169
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Contents(Continued)Pagef.OtherTerminalVariables26g.NetworkEquivalenttoaWaveguideJunction263.2.TheScatteringMatrix27a.GeneralRemarks27b.ScatteringCoefficientsofaTwo-ArmWaveguideJunction28c.EffectsofMovingTerminalSurfaces303.3.Reciprocity,Realizability,andLosslessnessfor2-Ports31a.Reciprocity31b.StrictRealizability32c.Losslessness333.4.PowerandEfficiency343.5.RepresentationoftheSource35a.FromLinearRelationforSourceandJoiningEquations-35b.FromaConstantVoltageGenerator36c.SummationofWaveReflections373.6.NetPowerandAvailablePower37a.NetPowertoaWaveguideJunction37b.AvailablePowerfromGenerator383.7.MismatchLoss39a.MismatchLossinGeneral39b.MeaningofMismatch39c.ConjugateMismatchLoss40d.TheZgMismatchLoss41e.DifferenceBetweenConjugateandMismatchLosses413.8.TransmissionPropertiesof2-Ports41a.SubstitutionLoss42b.TransducerLoss43c.InsertionLoss44d.AttenuationorCharacteristicInsertionLoss44e.ComponentsofLosses453.9.MaximumTransmittedPower47a.MaximumEfficiency48(1)GradientofEfficiency48(2)MaximumEfficiencyfromMaximumPowerConsiderations50b.MinimumTransducerLoss51c.IntrinsicAttenuation523.10.PhaseShift52a.RelativePhase52b.ShiftofPhasebya2-Port52c.DifferentKindsofPhaseShiftof2-Ports53(1)TransmissionPhaseShift54(2)DifferentialPhaseShift54(3)SubstitutionPhaseShift,IncludingInsertionPhaseShift–54iv
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Contents(Continued)Page3.11.Cascading2-Ports543.12.CascadingCoefficients563.13.TransformationofReflectionCoefficients57a.SimplerTransformations57b.TheSlidingTermination58c.SignificanceoftheRadiusofther^-Circle59d.DisplacementofCenterfromOrigin60e.LocusofforReal60f.OtherCircles-613.14.TheLinearFractionalTransformation62a.Constant|w|,variable^,62b.Constantii,variableIwl63c.Invarianceofcross-ratio643.15.3-PortsorWaveguideJunctionsHavingThreeArms65a.Introduction65b.RealizabilityConditions65c.ConditionsforLosslessness67d.Reciprocity69e.Symmetry69f.3-Port,OneArmTerminated70g.Non-reciprocal3-Ports71h.TheDirectionalCoupler,3-Port71i.SolutionoftheScatteringEquationsforb^73i.MeasurementofReflectionCoefficientVwithGeneral3-Port76Ł’u3.16.4-Ports77a.TheDirectionalCoupler77b.TheMagicTee784.Power804.1.Introduction804.2.MismatchErrors80a.Introduction80b.CalibrationofPowerMeters81(1)GeneralDiscussion81(2)MethodI–AlternateConnectiontoaStablePowerSource–82(3)Method2–ComparisonUsingT-Junctions83(a)SimultaneousComparison,83(b)AlternateConnectiontoT-Junction85(4)Method3–ComparisonUsingMagicT85(a)SimultaneousComparison85(b)AlternateConnectiontoMagicT87c.DiscussionofCalibrationMethods–89d.UseofPowerMeters90(1)GeneralRemarks90(2)DirectMeasurement90V
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Contents(Continued)Page(3)UseofCalibratedAttenuator-91(4)UseofDirectionalCouplers92(a)TemporarilyInserted92(b)PermanentlyInstalled94e.MeasurementofScatteringCoefficients954.3.BarretterMountEfficiencyMeasurement98a.Introduction98b.ImpedanceMethod100c.ImprovedMethod102d.DiscussionofErrors107e.ExperimentalResults111f.ConditionsforLinearr^-Locus1135.Impedance-ReflectionCoefficient1155.1.Introduction1155.2.AdjustableSlidingTermination116a.Introduction116b.PrincipleofOperation117c.Theory118d.Design1205.3.Quarter-WavelengthShort-Circuit123a.Introduction123b.CoaxialLine124c.RectangularWaveguide129d.ErrorsandDesignInformation1365.4.SquaredVSWRandMagnifiedResponses-137a.Introduction137b.SimplifiedExplanations138(1)SquaredVSWRResponse138(2)MagnifiedResponse138c.Analysis141d.MeansofObtainingVariousResponses143e.MeasurementsUsingSquaredVSWRResponse145f.MeasurementsUsingMagnifiedResponse146g.Results1495.5.TheTunedReflectometer149a.Three-ArmWaveguideJunctions149b.TuningforSquaredVSWRResponse150c.TuningforMagnifiedResponse151d.TuningforInfiniteDirectivity152e.AnalysisofErrors152vi
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Contents(Continued)Page5.6.HybridReflectometer155a.Introduction155b.BasicTheory-156c.ExperimentalEquipment157(1)General157(2)TerminatingArrangements158(3)StandardReflectionsfor(Air-Dielectric)CoaxialLine160(4)SlidingLoads161d.SystemPerformanceandApplications162e.ResultsandDiscussionofErrors164f.Conclusions1665.7.ConnectorReflectionsandLosses166a.Introduction166b.PreliminaryConsiderations166c.BriefDescriptionofMethod169d.ReviewofReflectometerTechniques170e.VSWRDetermination171f.EfficiencyDetermination173g.SupplementalTechniquesinVSWRDetermination177h.Results1846.Attenuation1896.1.Introduction1896.2.DefinitionsofAttenuation190a.Introduction190b.BroadGeneralMeaning191c.RestrictedMeanings192d.IREDefinitions193e.ComparisonsofDefinitions195f.Terminology-203g.PreciseDefinitions205h.FutureTrends2086.3.Cascade-ConnectedAttenuators209a.Introduction209b.Analysis210(1)TwoAttenuators211(2)ThreeAttenuators212(3)AnyNumber(n)ofAttenuators2146.4.MismatchErrorsinAttenuationMeasurements214a.Introduction214b.AnalysisofCaseofFixedPad215c.EvaluationofError216d.EffectsofAttenuatorCharacteristics218e.EffectofRealizabilityConditions219vii
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