Abnormal. Lectures at the College de France. 1974-1975. Edited by Valerio Marchetti and Antonella Salomoni. General Editors: Francois Ewald and Alessandro
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FirstpublishedintheUKbyVerso2003©Verso2003FirstpublishedasLesAnormaux©EditionsdeSeuil/Gallimard1999Translation©GrahamBurchellIntroduction©ArnoldI.Davidson2003AllrightsreservedThemoralrightsoftheauthor,editorsandtranslatorhavebeenasserted13579108642VersoUK:6MeardStreet,LondonW1F0EGUSA:180VarickStreet,NewYork,NY10014-4606www.versobooks.comVersoistheimprintofNewLeftBooksISBN1-85984-539-8BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationDataFoucault,MichelAbnormal:lecturesattheCollegedeFrance1974-19751.Abnormalities,Human-Socialaspects-History2.PhilosophicalAnthropology-History3.Power(Socialsciences)-HistoryI.Tide194ISBN1859845398PrintedintheUKbyWilliamClowes
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CONTENTSForeword:FrancoisEwaldandAlessandroFontanaIntroduction:ArnoldI.Davidsonone8January1975Expertpsychiatricopinioninpenalcases.-Whatkindofdiscourseisthediscourseofexpertpsychiatricopinion?~Discoursesoftruthanddiscoursesthatmakeonelaugh.-Legalproofineighteenth-centurycriminallaw.-Thereformers.-Theprincipleofprofoundconviction.~Extenuatingcircumstances.-Therelationshipbetweentruthandjustice.-Thegrotesqueinthemechanismofpower.-Thepsychological-moraldoubleoftheoffense.-Expertopinionshowshowtheindividualalreadyresembleshiscrimebeforehehascommittedit.~Theemergenceofthepowerofnormalisation.two15January1975Madnessandcrime.-Perversityandpuerility.~Thedangerousindividual.~ThepsychiatricexpertcanonlyhavethecharacterofUbu.~Theepistemologicallevelofpsychiatryanditsregressioninexpertmedico-legalopinion.-Endoftheantagonisticrelationshipbetweenmedicalpowerandjudicialpower.-Expertopinionandabnormalindividuals(lesanormaux).~Criticismofthenotionofrepression.~Exclusionoflepersandinclusionofplaguevictims.~Inventionofpositivetechnologiesofpower.-Thenormalandthepathological.
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VIContentsthree22JANUARY197555Threefiguresthatconstitutethedomainofabnormality:thehumanmonster,theindividualtobecorrected,themasturbatingchild.~Thesexualmonsterbringstogetherthemonstrousindividualandthesexualdeviant.~Historicalreviewofthethreefigures.~Reversaloftheirhistoricalimportance.-Sacredembryologyandthejuridico-biologicaltheoryofthemonster.-Siamesetwins.-Hermaphrodites:minorcases.-TheMarieLemarciscase.~TheAnneQrandjeancase.four29January197581Themoralmonster.-Crimeinclassicallaw.-Thespectacleofpublictortureandexecution(lasupplice).-Transformationofthemechanismsofpower.-Disappearanceoftheritualexpenditureofpunitivepower.-Thepathologicalnatureofcriminality.~Thepoliticalmonster:LouisXVIandMarie-Antoinette.~ThemonsterinJacobinliterature(thetyrant)andanti-Jacobinliterature(therebelliouspeople).-Incestandcannibalism.five5February1975109Inthelandoftheogres.~Transitionfromthemonstertothe(abnormal(Panormal).-Thethreegreatfoundingmonstersofcriminalpsychiatry.~Medicalpowerandjudicialpowerwithregardtothenotionoftheabsenceofinterest.-Theinstitutionaliationofpsychiatryasaspecialisedbranchofpublichygieneandaparticulardomainofsocialprotection.-Codificationofmadnessassocialdanger.-Themotivelesscrime(crimesansraison)andthetestsoftheenthronementofpsychiatry.-TheHenrietteCorniercase.-Thediscoveryoftheinstincts.six12February1975137Instinctasgtidofintelligibilityofmotivelesscrimeandofcrimethatcannotbepunished.~Extensionofpsychiatricknowledgeandpoweronthebasisoftheproblematiationofinstinct.-The1838lawandtheroleclaimedbypsychiatryinpublicsecurity.-Psychiatryandadministrativeregulation,thedemandforpsychiatrybythefamily,
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VlllContentsofmasturbation.-Thepathologicalresponsibilityofchildhood.~Prepubescentmasturbationandadultseduction;theoffensecomesfromoutside.-Aneworganisationoffamilyspaceandcontrol:theeliminationofintermediariesandthedirectapplicationoftheparent’sbodytothechild’sbody.-Culturalinvolutionofthefamily.-Themedicalizationofthenewfamilyandthechild’sconfessiontothedoctor,heirtotheChristiantechniquesoftheconfession.-Themedicalpersecutionofchildhoodbymeansoftherestraintofmasturbation.-Theconstitutionofthecellularfamilythattakesresponsibilityforthebodyandlifeofthechild.-NaturaleducationandStateeducation.ten12MARCH1975263Whatmakesthepsychoanalytictheoryofincestacceptabletothebourgeoisfamily(dangercomesfromthechild’sdesire).-Normalisationoftheurbanproletariatandtheoptimaldistributionoftheworking-classfamily(dangercomesfromfathersandbrothers).~Twotheoriesofincest.-Theantecedentsoftheabnormal:psychiatric-judicialmeshandpsychiatricfamilialmesh.-Theproblematicofsexualityandtheanalysisofitsirregularities.-Thetwintheoryofinstinctandsexualityasepistemologico-politicaltaskofpsychiatry.-Theoriginsofsexualpsychopathology(HeinrichKaan).-Etiologyofmadnessonthebasisofthehistoryofthesexualinstinctandimagination.~ThecaseofthesoldierBertrand.eleven19MARCH1975291Amixedfigure:themonster,themasturbator,andtheindividualwhocannotbeintegratedwithinthenormativesystemofeducation.-TheCharlesJouycaseandafamilypluggedintothenewsystemofcontrolandpower.-Childhoodasthehistoricalconditionofthegeneralisationofpsychiatricknowledgeandpower.-Psychiatrisationofinfantilismandconstitutionofascienceofnormalandabnormalconduct.-Themajortheoreticalconstructionsofpsychiatryinthesecondhalfofthenineteenthcentury.~Psychiatryandracism:psychiatryandsocialdefense.
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FOREWORDMICHELFOUCAULTTAUGHTATtheCollegedeFrancefromJan-uary1971untilhisdeathinJune1984(withtheexceptionof1977,whenhetookasabbaticalyear).ThetitleofhischairwastheHistoryofSystemsofThought.OntheproposalofJulesVuillemin,thechairwascreatedon30November1969bythegeneralassemblyoftheprofessorsoftheCollegedeFranceandreplacedthatoftheHistoryofPhilosophicalThoughtheldbyJeanHyppoliteuntilhisdeath.ThesameassemblyelectedMichelFoucaulttothenewchairon12April1970.1Hewasforty-threeyearsold.MichelFoucault’sinaugurallecturewasdeliveredon2December1970.2TeachingattheCollegedeFranceisgovernedbyparticularrules.Professorsmustprovidetwenty-sixhoursofteachingayear(withthepossibilityofamaximumofhalfthistotalbeinggivenintheformofseminars).3Eachyeartheymustpresenttheiroriginalresearchandthisobligesthemtochangethecontentoftheirteachingforeach1MichelFoucaultconcludedashortdocumentdrawnupinsupportofhiscandidacywiththesewords:”Weshouldundertakethehistoryofsystemsofthought.””Titresettravaux,”inDitsetecrt’ts,ed.DanielDefertandFrancoisEwald(Paris:Gallimard),vol.1,p.846.2ItwaspublishedbyGallimardinMay1971withthetitleL’Ordredudiscours,Paris,1971.Englishtranslation:”TheOrderofDiscourse,”trans.RuperSwyer,appendixtoM.Foucault,TheArcheologyofKnowledge(NewYork:Pantheon,1972).}ThiswasFoucault’spracticeuntilthestartofthe1980s.
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