pdf. Sudki, Hamdan. 2019. “ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟاو ﺔﻴﻧوﺮﺘﻜﻟﻹا تﺎﻳﺎﻔﻨﻟا 2018 لزﺎﻨﻤﻟا ﻲﻓ”. Page 87
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Authors: Vanessa Forti, Cornelis Peter Baldé, Ruediger Kuehr, Garam Bel Contributions by: S. Adrian, M. Brune Drisse, Y. Cheng, L. Devia, O. Deubzer, F. Goldizen, J. Gorman, S. Herat, S. Honda, G. Iattoni, W. Jingwei, L. Jinhui, D.S. Khetriwal, J. Linnell, F. Magalini, I.C. Nnororm, P. Onianwa, D. Ott, A. Ramola, U. Silva, R. Stillhart, D. Tillekeratne, V. Van Straalen, M. Wagner, T. Yamamoto, X. Zeng The Global E-waste Monitor 2020
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3The Global E-waste Monitor 2020 Authors: Vanessa Forti, Cornelis Peter Baldé, Ruediger Kuehr, Garam Bel Contributions by: S. Adrian, M. Brune Drisse, Y. Cheng, L. Devia, O. Deubzer, F. Goldizen, J. Gorman, S. Herat, S. Honda, G. Iattoni, W. Jingwei, L. Jinhui, D.S. Khetriwal, J. Linnell, F. Magalini, I.C. Nnororm, P. Onianwa, D. Ott, A. Ramola, U. Silva, R. Stillhart, D. Tillekeratne, V. Van Straalen, M. Wagner, T. Yamamoto, X. Zeng
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5Contact information: For enquiries, please contact the corresponding author C.P. Baldé via scycle@unitar.org. Please cite this publication as: Forti V., Baldé C.P., Kuehr R., Bel G. The Global E-waste Monitor 2020: Quantities, ˜ows and the circular economy potential. United Nations University (UNU)/United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) Œ co-hosted SCYCLE Programme, International Telecommunication Union (ITU) & International Solid Waste Association (ISWA), Bonn/Geneva/Rotterdam. ISBN Digital: 978-92-808-9114-0 ISBN Print: 978-92-808-9115-7 United Nations University (UNU) is an autonomous component of the UN General Assembly dedicated to generating and transferring knowledge and strengthening capacities relevant to global issues of human security, development, and welfare. The University operates through a worldwide network of research and training centres and programmes, coordinated by the UNU Centre in Tokyo. www.unu.edu.The United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) is a dedicated training arm of the United Nations, with a mission of developing the individual, institutional, and organizational capacity of countries and other United Nations stakeholders through high-quality learning solutions and related knowledge products and services to enhance global decision-making and to provide support at the country level in overcoming global challenges. www.unitar.org.The SCYCLE Programme, now in transition from UNU to UNITAR, envisions enabling societies to reduce the environmental load from production, use, and the disposal of ubiquitous goods and especially electrical and electronic equipment to sustainable levels by means of independent, comprehensive, and practical research and training, providing more thorough fact bases for policy development and decision-making. Therefore, SCYCLE activities are focused on the development of sustainable production, consumption, and disposal patterns for electrical and electronic equipment, as well as other ubiquitous goods. SCYCLE leads the global e-waste discussion and advances sustainable e-waste management strategies based on life-cycle thinking. For detailed information on SCYCLE and its projects, including its research and training activities, please visit www.scycle.info and http://scycle.vie.unu.edu. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the specialized United Nations agency for information and communication technologies (ICTs), driving innovation in ICTs together with 193 member states and a membership of more than 900 companies, universities, and international and regional organizations. Established in 1865, ITU is the intergovernmental body responsible for coordinating the shared global use of the radio spectrum, promoting international cooperation in assigning satellite orbits, improving communication infrastructure in the developing world, and establishing the worldwide standards that foster seamless interconnection of a vast range of communications systems. From broadband networks to cutting-edge wireless technologies, aeronautical and maritime navigation, radio astronomy, oceanographic and satellite-based earth monitoring as well as converging ˚xed-mobile phone, internet, and broadcasting technologies, ITU is committed to connecting the world. For more information, visit www.itu.int.About ISWA: The International Solid Waste Association (ISWA) is a global, independent and non-pro˚t making association, working in the public interest promoting sustainable, comprehensive and professional waste management and the transition to a circular economy.Disclaimer: The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations University (UNU)/ United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR), the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), or the World Health Organization (WHO) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Trademark names and symbols are used in an editorial fashion with no intention on infringement of trademark or copyright laws. Moreover, the views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the UNU/UNITAR, ITU, or WHO, nor does citing of trade names, companies, schemes, or commercial processes constitute endorsement. We regret any errors or omissions that may have unwittingly been made. © Maps, photos, and illustrations as speci˚ed.This publication is licensed by the United Nations University/United Nations Institute for Training and Research and the International Telecommunication Union under a Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 IGO License. Please take the time to learn more about Creative Commons. © UNU/UNITAR and ITU, 2020. Your fair use and other rights are in no way a˛ected by the above.Credits© Illustrations UNU/UNITAR SCYCLE -Nienke HaccoûCredits© Photos UNU/UNITAR SCYCLE -Yassyn Sidki
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9Electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) has become an essential part of everyday life. Its availability and widespread use have enabled much of the global population to benefit from higher standards of living. However, the way in which we produce, consume, and dispose of e-waste is unsustainable. Because of the slow adoption of collection and recycling, externalities Œsuch as the consumption of resources, the emission of greenhouse gases, and the release of toxic substances during informal recycling proceduresŒ illustrate the problem to remain within sustainable limits. Consequently, many countries are challenged by the considerable environmental and human health risks of inadequately managed Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE), widely known as e-waste. Even countries with a formal e-waste management system in place are confronted with relatively low collection and recycling rates.Monitoring the quantities and flows of e-waste is essential for evaluating developments over time, and to set and assess targets towards a sustainable society and circular economy. The development of a recycling infrastructure, sound policies, and legal instruments are more efficiently implemented on the basis of sound e-waste data. Without a global picture of e-waste, the true nature of transboundary movements and, in some cases, illegal shipments will also be incomprehensible.Building on the Partnership on Measuring ICT for Development, the United Nations University (UNU), the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), and the International Solid Waste Association (ISWA), in close collaboration with the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), have joined forces in the Global E-waste Statistics Partnership (GESP). Since late 2019, the United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) has been co-hosting SCYCLE, UNU™s specialized programme on e-waste. The GESP collects data from countries in an internationally standardized way and ensures that this information is publicly available via its open-source global e-waste database, www.globalewaste.org. Since 2017, the GESP has made substantial efforts by expanding national and regional capacity on e-waste statistics in various countries. Ultimately, the GESP assists countries in compiling e-waste statistics that are useful for national policy-making with an internationally recognised, harmonised measurement framework. The GESP brings together policy makers, statisticians, and industry representatives to enhance quality, understanding, and interpretation of e-waste data. At the global level, the GESP contributes to the monitoring of relevant waste streams, measuring progress made towards reaching the Sustainable Development Goals 11.6, 12.4, and 12.5. Recently, e-waste has officially been included in the work plan for the 12.4.2 and 12.5.1 indicator and in the documentation pertaining to this indicator. The GESP allows international organizations, such as the ITU, to measure progress towards their own goals. In 2018, the highest policy-making body of the ITU, the Plenipotentiary Conference, established a target of increasing the global e-waste recycling rate to 30% by 2023. This would correspond to a 12.6% increase in today™s global average.This third edition of the Global E-waste Monitor is a result of the GESP and its close collaborators; a follow-up to the 2017 edition and UNU-SCYCLE™s groundbreaking Global E-waste Monitor 2014. This report shows that the global growth in the generation of e-waste continues. In 2019, the world generated 53.6 million metric tons (Mt), and only 17.4% of this was officially documented as properly collected and recycled. It grew with 1.8 Mt since 2014, but the total e-waste generation increased by 9.2 Mt. This indicates that the recycling activities are not keeping pace with the global growth of e-waste.Besides a global perspective, this report includes national and regional analysis on e-waste quantities and legislative instruments. Although 71% of the world™s population is covered by some form of e-waste policy, legislation, or regulation, greater efforts must be made towards implementation and enforcement in order to encourage the take-up of a collection and recycling infrastructure.The Global E-waste Monitor 2020 introduces the wider public to the global e-waste challenge, explains how the challenge currently fits into international efforts to reach the SDGs, and discusses how to create a circular economy and sustainable societies. In parallel, we encourage decision-makers to increase their activities to measure and monitor e-waste by using and adopting the internationally recognised methodological framework developed by UNU-SCYCLE, in collaboration with the Partnership on Measuring ICT for Development. We would like to thank all authors and contributors for this report, and we invite you to collaborate with the GESP and support our continuous efforts to improve the global understanding and environmentally sound management of e-waste.Ruediger Kuehr Director of the Sustainable Cycles Programme, UNU & UNITAR, (SCYCLE)Doreen Bogdan-MartinDirector of the Telecommunication Development Bureau, International Telecommu-nication Union (ITU)Antonis MavropoulosPresident of the International Solid Waste Association (ISWA)
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