ionsommation d’energie tres onereuse et n’oublions pas qu’on vient de nous avertir que les. ;ources d’energie ne sont pas inepuisables.
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NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSTheNationalBureauofStandards1wasestablishedbyanactofCongressMarch3,1901.TheBureau’soverallgoalistostrengthenandadvancetheNation’sscienceandtechnologyandfacilitatetheireffectiveapplicationforpublicbenefit.Tothisend,theBureauconductsresearchandprovides:(1)abasisfortheNation’sphysicalmeasure-mentsystem,(2)scientificandtechnologicalservicesforindustryandgovernment,(3)atechnicalbasisforequityintrade,and(4)technicalservicestopromotepublicsafety.TheBureauconsistsoftheInstitutefor-BasicStandards,theInstituteforMaterialsResearch,theInstituteforAppliedTechnology,theCenterforComputerSciencesandTechnology,andtheOfficeforInformationPrograms.THEINSTITUTEFORBASICSTANDARDSprovidesthecentralbasiswithintheUnitedStatesofacompleteandconsistentsystemofphysicalmeasurement;coordinatesthatsystemwithmeasurementsystemsofothernations;andfurnishesessentialservicesleadingtoaccurateanduniformphysicalmeasurementsthroughouttheNation’sscien-tificcommunity,industry,andcommerce.TheInstituteconsistsofaCenterforRadia-tionResearch,anOfficeofMeasurementServicesandthefollowingdivisions:AppliedMathematicsŠElectricityŠHeatŠMechanicsŠOpticalPhysicsŠLinacRadiation2ŠNuclearRadiation2ŠAppliedRadiation2ŠQuantumElectronics3ŠElectromagnetics3ŠTimeandFrequency3ŠLaboratoryAstrophysics3ŠCryo-genics3.THEINSTITUTEFORMATERIALSRESEARCHconductsmaterialsresearchlead-ingtoimprovedmethodsofmeasurement,standards,anddataonthepropertiesofwell-characterizedmaterialsneededbyindustry,commerce,educationalinstitutions,andGovernment;providesadvisoryandresearchservicestootherGovernmentagencies;anddevelops,produces,anddistributesstandardreferencematerials.TheInstitutecon-sistsoftheOfficeofStandardReferenceMaterialsandthefollowingdivisions:AnalyticalChemistryŠPolymersŠMetallurgyŠInorganicMaterialsŠReactorRadiationŠPhysicalChemistry.THEINSTITUTEFORAPPLIEDTECHNOLOGYprovidestechnicalservicestopro-motetheuseofavailabletechnologyandtofacilitatetechnologicalinnovationinindus-tryandGovernment;cooperateswithpublicandprivateorganizationsleadingtothedevelopmentoftechnologicalstandards(includingmandatorysafetystandards),codesandmethodsoftest;andprovidestechnicaladviceandservicestoGovernmentagenciesuponrequest.TheInstitutealsomonitorsNBSengineeringstandardsactivitiesandprovidesliaisonbetweenNBSandnationalandinternationalengineeringstandardsbodies.TheInstituteconsistsofthefollowingdivisionsandoffices:EngineeringStandardsServicesŠWeightsandMeasuresŠInventionandInnovationŠProductEvaluationTechnologyŠBuildingResearchŠElectronicTechnologyŠTechnicalAnalysisŠMeasurementEngineeringŠOfficeofFirePrograms.THECENTERFORCOMPUTERSCIENCESANDTECHNOLOGYconductsre-searchandprovidestechnicalservicesdesignedtoaidGovernmentagenciesinimprov-ingcosteffectivenessintheconductoftheirprogramsthroughtheselection,acquisition,andeffectiveutilizationofautomaticdataprocessingequipment;andservesastheprin-cipalfocuswithintheexecutivebranchforthedevelopmentofFederalstandardsforautomaticdataprocessingequipment,techniques,andcomputerlanguages.TheCenterconsistsofthefollowingofficesanddivisions:InformationProcessingStandardsŠComputerInformationŠComputerServicesŠSystemsDevelopmentŠInformationProcessingTechnology.THEOFFICEFORINFORMATIONPROGRAMSpromotesoptimumdisseminationandaccessibilityofscientificinformationgeneratedwithinNBSandotheragenciesoftheFederalGovernment;promotesthedevelopmentoftheNationalStandardReferenceDataSystemandasystemofinformationanalysiscentersdealingwiththebroaderaspectsoftheNationalMeasurementSystem;providesappropriateservicestoensurethattheNBSstaffhasoptimumaccessibilitytothescientificinformationoftheworld,anddirectsthepublicinformationactivitiesoftheBureau.TheOfficeconsistsofthefollowingorganizationalunits:OfficeofStandardReferenceDataŠOfficeofTechnicalInformationandPublicationsŠLibraryŠOfficeofInternationalRelations.1HeadquartersandLaboratoriesatGaithersburg,Maryland,unlessotherwisenoted;mailingaddressWashing-ton,D.C.20234.2PartoftheCenterforRadiationResearch.3LocatedatBoulder,Colorado80302.
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UNITEDSTATESDEPARTMENTOFCOMMERCE,PeterG.Peterson,SecretaryNATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSLawrenceM.Kushner,ActingDirectorPerformanceConceptinBuildingsVolume2:OpeningAddresses,RapporteurReviews,andDiscussionsProceedingsofaSymposiumJointlySponsoredbytheInternationalUnionofTestingandResearchLaboratoriesforMaterialsandStructures(RILEM),theAmericanSocietyforTestingandMaterials(ASTM),andtheInternationalCouncilforBuildingResearchStudiesandDocumentation(CIB)HeldatPhiladelphia,Pa.,May2-5,1972EditedbyBruceE.Foster:Secretary,JointSymposiumCommitteeBuildingResearchDivisionInstituteforAppliedTechnologyNationalBureauofStandardsWashington,D.C.20234NationalBureauofStandardsSpecialPublication361,Vol.2Volume2of2volumesNat.Bur.Stand.(U.S.),Spec.Publ.361,V.2,169pages,(Sept.)1972CODEN:XNBSAVIssuedSeptember1972ForsalebytheSuperintendentofDocuments,U.S.GovernmentPrintingOffice,Washington,D.C.20402(OrderbySDCatalogNo.C13.10:361,Vol.2).Price$1.75StockNumber0303-00039
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ForewordForwelloverfiftyyearstheNationalBureauofStandardshasdirectedasubstantialefforttowardde-velopingrequirementsandmethodsoftestforbuildings,components,andmaterials.Themembersofitsstaffhavealsoparticipatedintheworkofbothdomesticandinternationaltechnicalcommitteesdealingwiththesefieldsofactivity,includingcommitteesofthethreeorganizationssponsoringthisSymposium.Inrecentyearsmanyofourresearchprogramshaveemphasizedthedevelopmentofdataandproceduresneededforrealizationofthepotentialbenefitspromisedbytheformalizedperformanceconcept.Therefore,wewel-cometheopportunitytoparticipatewithcolleaguesthroughouttheworldintheexchangeofideasandex-periencemadepossiblebythisSymposium.Asacontri-butiontotheSymposium,asevidenceofourbeliefintheimportanceofitssubject,andtomaketheinforma-tionavailabletothebuildingcommunity,wearepleasedtopublishtheseProceedings.LAWRENCEM.KUSHNERActingDirectoriii
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PrefaceTheSymposiumwasheldinPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania,May3-5,1972,attheheadquartersbuildingoftheAmericanSocietyforTestingandMaterials.Theattendancetotaled189ofwhich19werefromCanadaand52fromothercountriesabroad.OntheafternoonpreceedingtheSymposiumproper,May2nd,ASTMCommitteeE-06onPer-formanceofBuildingConstructionsponsoredaninformal,well-attendedresearchreviewsession.Theprogramisgivenhere:OpeningRemarksbyChairman,ASTMCommitteeE-06R.W.Bletzacker,Director,TheOhioStateUniversityEngineeringExperimentStation,Columbus,Ohio43210PresentationsonTestMethodsforIndustrializedBuildingsbyMembersoftheStaffoftheStructuresSection,BuildingResearchDivision,NationalBureauofStandards,Washington,D.C.20234IntroductionbyNormanF.Somes,AssistantChief,StructuresSectionCaseofaWoodModuleSystemN.F.SomesCaseofaGlassFiberReinforced-PlasticSystemH.S.LewCaseofaSteelSkinHoneycombPaperCoreSystemJ.H.PielertCaseofaConcreteBoxSystemFelixYokelSummaryDiscussion-WhatAreOurNeedsinTesting?N.F.SomesPowder-ActuatedFasteningsofExteriorPerimeterPlatestoMasonryFoundationWallsorSlabsR.W.Henning,RamsetFasteningSystems*289WinchesterAvenue,NewHaven,Connecticut06504CommitteeE-06ActivitiesonStructuralPerformanceofJoiningandFasteninginBuildingConstructionE.G.Stern,EarleB.NorrisProf,ofWoodConstruction,VirginiaPolytechnicInstitute,Blacksburg,Virginia24060FieldTestingDeviceforNailsR.R.Reeves,CanadianForestService,onleavetoVirginiaPolytechnicInstitute,Blacksburg,Virginia24060StructuralAspectsofFireEndurancePerformanceR.W.Bletzacker,TheOhioStateUniversityColumbus,Ohio4321QTheformalSymposiumsessionswereconductedusingtherapporteursystem.-Atthestartofeachtechnicalsession,arapporteurpresentedareportwhichincludedasummaryofthepapersinthesubjectareaofthesessionandadiscussionoftheviewpointsexpressed.Therapporteur’sdiscussionwasnotnecessarilylimitedtothepresentationsorsubjectareascoveredbythepapersreviewed.SincetheformalpaperswereavailabletoallSymposiumparticipantsbeforethemeeting,therewasnoneedforauthorstopresenttheirpapersPaperreadbyProfessorSterniv
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CONTENTSVolume2FOREWORDiiiPREFACEivCONTENTS,Volume2viLISTOFREGISTRANTSviiiABSTRACTxviSESSION1811OpeningRemarksFortheSymposiumCommittee,RudardJones811ForASTM,WilliamT.Cavanaugh813ForRILEM,RobertL’Hermite815ForCIB,0ivindBirkeland817GeneralAddressesTheRoleofthePerformanceConceptinOperationBREAKTHROUGHHaroldB.Finger819ThePerformanceApproach:HistoryandStatusJamesR.Wright847SESSIONII-ABUILDINGS863ReportoftheRapporteurAnneSaeterdal864DiscussionJohnHalldane,TarjaCronberg,RalphG.Nevins,WolfgangF.E.Preiser,H.G.Blasdel,JohnT.Malarky,GerardBlachere,TenhoSneck,A.F.E.Wise,C.W.Phillips,PeterCradock,JackE.Snell,SandorKiss870SESSIONII-BBUILDINGS(Continued)877ReportoftheRapporteurG.A.Atkinson878DiscussionFelixYokel,N.F.Somes,FelixYokel,IngvarKarlen,R.S.Ferguson,W.P.Ellis,TiborCsizmadia,AnthonyGuy,J.G.Sunley,NeilHutcheon,C.N.Watson,WilliamMann,Jr.,G.A.Atkinson881vi
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SESSIONIIIEXPERIENCESANDEXAMPLES889ReportoftheRapporteurWilliamAllen889DiscussionG.A.Atkinson,MichelBezman,GeorgeS.Birrell,G.A.Atkinson,W.Allen,GerardBlachere,JackE.Snell,RobertBlake,GeorgeS.Birrell,IngvarKarlen,D.P.VanCourt,JackSnell893SESSIONIV-ACOMPONENTS901ReportoftheRapporteurPaulR.Achenbach902DiscussionA.G.Wilson,ToreR^srud,DavidLeeSmith,NeilHutcheon,JackE.Snell,PaulR.Achenbach,A.F.E.Wise915SESSIONIV-BCOMPONENTS(Continued)919ReportoftheRapporteurGeorgChristensen920DiscussionChristerBring,KazuhisaShirayama,JuhoSaarimaa,GerardBlachere,IngvarKarlen,J.G.Sunley,RogerCamous,TenhoSneck,T.P.R.Lant,D.P.VanCourt,TiborCsizmadia,CharlesT.Mahaffey928SESSIONVMATERIALS933ReportoftheRapporteurS.Bergstrom934DiscussionJuhoSaarimaa,HaroldF.Stedman,ArnoldHoiberg,WinthropC.Wolfe,N.F.Astbury,BruceFoster,0ivindBirkeland,TarjaCronberg,W.J.McCoy,D.P.VanCourt941SESSIONVICONCLUSIONS947ReportoftheRapporteurNeilHutcheon947PresentandFutureWorkonthePerformanceConceptbytheSponsoringOrganizations:ForRILEM,TenhoSneck955ForCIB,0ivindBirkeland957ForASTM,RudardJones959NAMEINDEX960ERRATA,Volume1962vii
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LISTOFREGISTRANTSACHENBACH,PaulR.,BuildingResearchDivision,NationalBureauofStandards,Washington,D.C.20234ALBRIGHT,Gifford,PennsylvaniaStateUniversity,ArchitecturalDepartment,101Engineering”A”Building,UniversityPark,Pennsylvania16802ALLEN,WilliamA.,Architect,BickerdikeAllenRich&Partners,16NewEnd,Hampstead,LondonNW3EnglandANTONI,Nils,NationalSwedishInstituteforBuildingResearch,Stockholm,SwedenASTBURY,NormanF.,BritishCeramicResearchAssociation,QueensRoad,Penkhull,Stoke-on-TrentST47LQ,EnglandATKINSON,GeorgeA.,BuildingResearchStation,Garston,WatfordWD27JREnglandBABENDRIER,CharlesA.,NationalScienceFoundation,Washington,D.C.20550BAKER,MaxwellC.,NationalResearchCouncil,MontrealRoad,Ottawa,Ontario,CanadaBENJAMIN,IrwinA.,BuildingResearchDivision,NationalBureauofStandards,B66Technology,Washington,D.C.20234BERGSTROM,SvenGabriel,Professor,LundInstituteofTechnology,DepartmentofBuildingMaterials,FACK725,22007LUND7,SwedenBEZMAN,Michel,Architect,Descon/ConcordiaSystems,Ltd.,PlaceBonaventure,Montreal114,Quebec,CanadaBIERENSDEHANN,WolterJ.,SecretaryGeneralC.I.B.,Postbus299,Weena700,Rotterdam,theNetherlandsBIRKELAND,0ivind,NorwegianBuildingResearchInstitute,P.O.Box322,Blindern,Oslo3,NorwayBIRRELL,GeorgeS.,DepartmentofCivilEngineering,UniversityofIllinois,Urbana,Illinois61801BITNER,Clarence,Manager,PhysicalStandardsDepartment,ArmstrongCorkCompany,2500ColumbiaAvenue,Lancaster,PennsylvaniaBLACHERE,Gerard,Directeur,CSTB,4Ave.duRecteur-Poincare,ParisXVI,FranceBLAKE,RobertW.,Chief,ResearchandDevelopmentFacilitiesEngineeringandConstructionAgency,DepartmentofHealth,Education&Welfare,330IndependenceAvenue,S.W.,Washington,D.C.20201BLASDEL,Hugo,ActingAssistantProfessor,UniversityofCalifornia,232WursterHall,Berkeley,California94720BLOOM,David,ConsultingStructuralEngineer,DavidBloomInc.,1308SpruceStreet,Philadelphia,Pennsylvania19107BODAPATI,N.,Dr.,B.R.A.B.NationalAcademyofSciences,Washington,D.C.20418BOHANNAN,Billy,ResearchProjectLeader,USDAForestService,ForestProductsLaboratory,P.O.Box5130,Madison,Wisconsin53705BOWSER,WaylandW.,AssociateProfessorofArchitecture,OhioStateUniversity,190W.17thStreet,Columbus,Ohio43210viii
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BRACKET!,DavidE.,GypsumAssociation,201N.WellsStreet,Chicago,Illinois60606BRING,Christer,CivilEngineer,DepartmentofBuildingTechnology,TheRoyalInstituteofTechnology,S-10044Stockholm70SwedenBROWN,ArthurW.,Brown,Fisher,Nickerson&Todisco,Inc.,184HighStreet,Boston,Massachusetts02110BRYANT,VernonC.,Architect,McClure/Nixon,1502IBMBuilding,Seattle,Washington98101BURNHAM,RobertCharles,AssistantProfessorofArchitecture,Carnegie-MelonUniversity,DepartmentofArchitecture,5000ForbesAvenue,Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania15213CAMOUS,RogerF.,EcoleD’Architecture,UniversityofMontreal,CP.6128,Montreal,CanadaCHER0N,Marcel,DirectorofResearch,S.A.Cimenteries,C.B.R.,CementbedrijvenN.V.Marnixdreef2500Lier,Belgium-CHRISTENSEN,GeorgdePlace,CivilEngineer,DanishBuildingResearchInstitute,Lundtoftevej7,2800Lyngby,DenmarkCLARK,GeorgeMason,ProfessorofArchitectureandResearchSupervisor,BuildingResearchLaboratory,OhioStateUniversity,2070NeilAvenue,Columbus,Ohio43210C0RDER,StanleyE.,AssociateProfessor,OregonStateUniversity,SchoolofForestry,Corvallis,Oregon97331CRADOCK,Peter,JohnLaingDesignAssociates,Ltd.,MillHill,London,EnglandCRENSHAW,Richard,BuildingResearchDivision,NationalBureauofStandards,Building226,A365,Washington,D.C.20234CREWS,PaulB.,ProfessionalEngineer,Crews,MacInnes,&Hoffman,740IStreet,Anchorage,Alaska99501CR0NBERG,Tarja,LundInstituteofTechnology,Sweden,onleaveatBuildingResearchDivision,NationalBureauofStandards,Washington,D.C.20234CSIZMADIA,Tibor,WashingtonUniversity,St.Louis,Missouri63130CULLEN,WilliamC.,BuildingResearchDivision,NationalBureauofStandards,B-348,BuildingResearch,Washington,D.C.20234CUTLER,JohnF.,ManagingDirector,CanadianStructuralClayAssociation,5218YongeStreet,tfillowdale,Ontario,CanadaDAWSON,JohnA.,ChiefConstructionDivision,MaterialBranch,DepartmentofIndustry,Trade&Commerce,112KentStreet,Ottawa,Ontario,CanadaDAXELHOFER,Jean-Pierre,Professor,HeadofLaboratoryforTestingStonyMaterials,EcolePolytechniqueFederaledeLausanne,Aubonne,SwitzerlandDELAPENA,Carlos,EngineerofPublicWorks,LaboratorioCentraldeEruayodeMateriales,AlfonsoXIIn3,Madrid7,SpainDELONG,CarlF.,DevelopmentEngineer,AtlasMinerals&ChemicalsDivision,ESB,Inc.,Mertztown,Pennsylvania19539DELPECH,SimonA.,Professor,CivilEngineer,InstitutoNacionaldeTecnologiaIndustrial,Liberstad1235,BuenosAires,Argentinaix
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