Mar 4, 2015 — from by-product and beehive ovens in Illinois (95.7 percent and can be accessed at pubs.usgs/ pp/ 1708/ d1/ pdf/.
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Coking Coal of the United StatesŠ Modern and Historical Coking Coal Mining Locations and Chemical, Rheological, Petrographic, and Other Data from Modern Samples By Michael H. Trippi, Leslie F. Ruppert, Cortland F. Eble, and James C. Hower Open-File Report 2020Œ1113U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey
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U.S. Department of the InteriorDAVID BERNHARD T, SecretaryU.S. Geological Survey James F. Reilly II, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 202For more information on the USGSŠthe Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environmentŠvisit https://www.usgs.gov or call 1Œ888ŒASKŒUSGS.For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit https://store.usgs.gov/.Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it also may contain copyrighted materials as noted in the text. Permission to reproduce copyrighted items must be secured from the copyright owner. Suggested citation:Trippi, M.H., Ruppert, L.F., Eble, C.F., and Hower, J.C., 202 , Coking coal of the United StatesŠModern and historical coking coal mining locations and chemical, rheological, petrographic, and other data from modern samples: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2020Œ1113, 112 p., https://doi.org/ 10.3133/ ofr20201113.Associated data for this publication: Trippi, M.H., Ruppert, L. F., Eble, C.F., and Hower, J.C., 2020, Coking coal of the United StatesŠModern and historical locations of coking coal mining locations and chemical, rheological, petrographic, and other data from modern samples: U.S. Geological Survey data release, at https://doi.org/10.5066/P9KFQOKM.ISSN 2331-1258 (online)
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iiiAcknowledgmentsThe authors would like to thank Brian Cardott of the Oklahoma Geological Survey and Bill Prior of the Arkansas State Geological Survey for providing coal samples for analysis and inclusion in this report. We would also like to thank an anonymous mining company in Pennsylvania, Richard Kruse of ArcelorMittal USA in East Chicago, Indiana, and David Cork of Corky™s Carbon Consultancy of Mayfield, New South Wales, Australia, for sharing data from analyses of coal samples in Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Virginia, and Kentucky. We are grateful to the following State geological survey and university personnel who provided much information about coking coal deposits and mining in their respective States: Paul Betka, David LePain, and James Clough from Alaska; John Bromley from Washington; Jay Gunderson from Montana; Chris Carroll from Wyoming; Brigitte Hucka and Jeff Quick from Utah; Peter Barkman and Chris Carroll from Colorado; Gretchen Hoffman from New Mexico; Brian Cardott from Oklahoma; Bill Prior and Ed Ratchford of Arkansas; Susan Rimmer from Illinois; Maria Mastalerz of Indiana; Ernie Slucher of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and James McDonald of Ohio; Antonette Markowski of Pennsylvania; David Brezinski of Maryland; Mitch Blake of West Virginia; William Lassetter of Virginia; and Barry Miller of Tennessee. The authors thank Kevin DeVanney and Joseph Marquez of CoalTech Petrographic Associates, Inc., of Murrysville, Pennsylvnia, for their information and guidance with respect to the analyses of the coking coal samples. We acknowledge the following USGS scientists for their advice and information regarding chemical analyses and quality assurance of these analyses: John Sanfilipo (retired), Harvey Belkin (retired), Allan Kolker, and Nicholas Geboy (currently at the U.S. Department of State). Finally, we also would like to express our thanks for the instructive reviews by Brian Shaffer of the U.S. Geological Survey in Denver, Colorado, and John Popp, Geologist in Wilmore, Kentucky. Ultimate and proximate analyses were provided by Geochemical Testing, Inc., of Somerset, Pennsylvania; major-, minor-, and trace-element data were provided by the Activation Laboratories of Ancaster, Ontario, Canada. Rheological analyses were provided by CoalTech Petrographic Associates, Inc., of Murrysville, Pennsylvania, and petrographic analyses were provided by the University of Kentucky petrography laboratory. Coal samples from Alabama and Kentucky were collected by Cortland Eble and James Hower of the Kentucky Geological Survey and the University of Kentucky Center for Applied Energy Research, respectively.
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viCoking Coals in Southwestern Virginia .43Coking Coals in Eastern Kentucky 44Coking Coals in Northern Tennessee .46Coking Coals in the Southern Appalachian Basin Coal Region and Warrior Coal Field ..46Coking Coals in Southern Tennessee .46Coking Coals in Alabama and Georgia ..47 Coking Coals in the Warrior Coal Field in Alabama .48Coking Coals in the Plateau Coal Field in Alabama .. 49Coking Coals in the Plateau Coal Field in Georgia 49Coking Coals in the Cahaba Coal Field in Alabama ..50Coking Coals in the Coosa Coal Field in Alabama . 50Samples Collected and Analyzed for This Report .50Sample Data from Other Sources .51Discussion of Results .51Alabama Coal Samples .51Arkansas Coal Samples 52Oklahoma Coking Coal Samples .54Kentucky Coking Coal Sample .54Pennsylvania data from an anonymous company 55West Virginia data from ArcelorMittal ..55West Virginia, Virginia, and Kentucky data from Corky™s Carbon Consultancy 56Conclusions57References Cited57Appendix 1. Information About Coking Coal Deposits in the United States ..75Appendix 2. Location Data for Coal Samples Analyzed for this Report and Coal Sample Data Shared by Mining Companies 76Appendix 3. Proximate and Ultimate Analysis Data for Coal Samples Analyzed for This Report and Coal Sample Data Shared by Coal Mining Companies 77Appendix 4. Major Element Data for Ash Samples Analyzed for This Report and Ash Sample Data Shared by Mining Companies 78Appendix 5. Minor and Trace Element Data for Coal Samples Analyzed for This Report and Coal Sample Data Shared by Mining Companies .79Appendix 6. Rheological Data for Coal Samples Analyzed for This Report and Coal Sample Data Shared by Mining Companies 80Appendix 7. Petrography Data for Coal Samples Analyzed for This Report and Coal Sample Data Shared by Mining Companies 81Appendix 8. Miscellaneous Test Data for Coal Samples Shared by Mining Companies .82Appendix 9A. Thermal and (or) Coking Coal Production and the Number of Coal Mines by State, County, and Mine Type in 2017 83Appendix 9B. Disposition of Thermal and (or) Coking Coal Beds by State in 2017 ..84Appendix 9C. Production and Bed Thickness of Several Major Thermal and (or) Coking Coal Beds by Mine Type in 2017 85Appendix 10A. Production of Thermal and (or) Coking Coal in Western Kentucky by County in 2018 86Appendix 10B. Production of Thermal and (or) Coking Coal in Western Kentucky by Mine Type in 2018 87
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viiAppendix 11A. Production of Bituminous Thermal and (or) Coking Coal in Pennsylvania by Coal Bed and County in 2017 88Appendix 11B. Number of Bituminous Thermal and (or) Coking Coal Mines in Pennsylvania by Coal Bed and County in 2017 ..89Appendix 11C. Underground Production of Bituminous Thermal and (or) Coking Coal in Pennsylvania by Coal Bed and County in 2017 ..90Appendix 11D. Number of Underground Bituminous Thermal and (or) Coking Coal Mines in Pennsylvania by Coal Bed and County in 2017 91Appendix 11E. Surface Production of Bituminous Thermal and (or) Coking Coal in Pennsylvania by Coal Bed and County in 2017 ..92Appendix 11F. Number of Surface Bituminous Thermal and (or) Coking Coal Mines in Pennsylvania by Coal Bed and County in 2017 ..93Appendix 12. Production of Thermal and (or) Coking Coal in Ohio by County and Coal Bed in 201794Appendix 13A. Production of Thermal and (or) Coking Coal in Maryland by Coal Bed and County in 2016..95Appendix 13B. Number of Thermal and (or) Coking Coal Mines in Maryland by Coal Bed and County in 2016 ..96Appendix 13C. Production from Underground and Surface Coal Mines in Maryland by County, Coal Bed, Operator, and Mine Permit Number in 2016 . 97Appendix 14A. Production of Thermal and (or) Coking Coal in West Virginia by Coal Bed and County in 2017..98Appendix 14B. Number of Thermal and (or) Coking Coal Mines in West Virginia by Coal Bed and County in 2017 ..99Appendix 15A. Original Coal Resources in Eastern Kentucky, by Bed 100Appendix 15B. Remaining Coal Resources in Eastern Kentucky in 2012, by Bed ..101Appendix 15C. Percentage of Original Coal Resources Remaining in Eastern Kentucky in 2012 102Appendix 16A. Production of Thermal and (or) Coking Coal in Eastern Kentucky by County in 2018 . 103Appendix 16B. Production of Thermal and (or) Coking Coal in Eastern Kentucky by Mine Type in 2018 . 104Appendix 17A. Production of Thermal and (or) Coking Coal in Alabama by County and Mine Type During Fiscal Year 2017 (October 2016 to September 2017) . 105Appendix 17B. Number of Thermal and (or) Coking Coal Mines in Alabama by County and Mine Type During Fiscal Year 2017 (October 2016 to September 2017) ..106Appendix 18. Historical Details of Pittsburgh Coal Bed Mining in the Connellsville and Klondike Coke Districts of Fayette County, Pennsylvania ..107Appendix 19. Historical Details of Lower Freeport Coal-Bed Mining in Indiana, Jefferson, and Fayette Counties, Pennsylvania .110Appendix 20. Coal Purchased for Manufacturing of Coke in Pennsylvania by Coal Districts of Origin, From 1942 to 1965 .111Appendix 21. Origin of Coal Received by Oven-Coke Plants in Pennsylvania by Producing County, From 1966 to 1976 .112
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viiiFigures 1. Chart plotting the Strength Index against Compositional Balance Index, with isostability contours for the Stability Factor .7 2. Map of the United States showing the locations of coking coal mines and deposits west of the Mississippi River, and bituminous coal deposits in the Illinois and Appalachian basins ..10 3. Map of a part of northwest Alaska showing the locations of coking coal deposits and the Corwin Formation bituminous coals near Cape Beaufort and the Kokolik and Kukpowruk Rivers 11 4. Map of a part of southern Alaska showing the locations of coking coal mines and deposits in the Lower Matanuska Valley and the Bering River coal field ..12 5. Map showing the locations of coking coal mines and deposits in the State of Washington . 13 6. Map showing the locations of coking coal deposits in the States of Montana and Wyoming .15 7. Map showing the locations of coking coal deposits in the States of Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico 18 8. Map showing the locations of bituminous coking coal deposits in the States of Oklahoma and Arkansas 22 9. Map showing the locations of high-volatile, bituminous coal deposits in the States of Illinois, Indiana, and western Kentucky in the Illinois basin coal region 24 10. Map showing the locations of bituminous coal deposits in the States of Ohio, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and West Virginia in the Northern Appalachian basin coal region .. 28 11. Map showing the locations of bituminous coal deposits in the States of West Virginia, Virginia, eastern Kentucky, and Tennessee in the central Appalachian basin coal region 39 12. Map showing the locations of bituminous coal deposits in the States of Tennessee, Georgia, and Alabama in the Southern Appalachian basin coal region and the Warrior coal field 47 13. Photomicrographs of siderite infilling areas between coal macerals in samples from the Lower Hartshorne bed in Arkansas .53Tables 1. General quality ratings for washed, high-volatile, bituminous U.S. coking coal using 16 different properties .3 2. General quality ratings for washed, medium-volatile, bituminous U.S. coking coal using 16 different properties .4 3. General quality ratings for washed, low-volatile, bituminous U.S. coking coal using 16 different properties .4 4. List of the typical range of percentages for major element oxides in bituminous coals of the United States 52
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ixConversion FactorsInternational System of Units to U.S. customary unitsMultiplyByTo obtain Lengthmeter (m)3.281foot (ft)kilometer (km)0.6214mile (mi)meter (m)1.094yard (yd)Masstonne (t) (Metric ton) (2205 pounds)1Megagram (Mg)tonne (t) (Metric ton) (2205 pounds)0.9070ton, short (2,000 pounds)tonne (t) (Metric ton) (2205 pounds)1.016ton, long (2,240 pounds)
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